Interface Management Customer-Supplier Relationship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2147 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Interface Management: Customer-Supplier Relationship This section is aimed at achieving quite a few goals and concluding the chapter with a thorough analysis and synthesis. First of all, the writer would revisit the research aims and objectives and the research question posed at the beginning of the thesis. By addressing these important pillars of the thesis, the entire effort would be organized into a well-thought-of effort of writing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Interface Management: Customer-Supplier Relationship" essay for you Create order Such a route to conclusion would also ensure that the entire process was systematic and would help the current writer propose a robust framework of interface management and supply chain in specific relation to procurement, production, and distribution logistics. To begin, the thesis posed a research motivation by stating above that since research on interface management is going on and is informative, latest research is multidimensional and multifaceted. This makes the understanding of the current frameworks and concepts considerably cumbersome not only for a student of management such as this writer but also for the practitioners working within the very same area. Thus, the primary rationale and motivation for this thesis was to investigate the current outlook of the extant research as applied to interface management with specific reference to procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics so that a more robust framework can be offered. Such a framework/design would be informed by research in multidisciplinary areas but with the same field: Interface management. Similarly, the objective of the thesis was to review current empirical literature on interface management with particular reference to procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics, and analyze the entire empirical body of research in a way that can suitably offer an effective approach, model, or framework which can be original contribution in this very area. The motivation and objectives have been addressed throughout the thesis, particularly in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 where the review of extant literature was extensive, in-depth, and critical. The review undertook critical analysis of a number of areas from global trends in supply chain management [1] to blurring of the processes of product and service manufacturing.[2] The thesis has also extensive drawn from the research on a number of areas that cover procurement to distribution logistics in connection to interfa ce management. In particular, the review of procurement logistics, production/manufacturing logistics, and distribution logistics reveals that these processes, to this day, are not (i) linear and (ii) aimed at facilitating the parent company. [3] In fact, all these processes are aimed at facilitating the end-consumer (considered as a yardstick of business success [4]) who should become the center of all the efforts put in the whole supply chain that includes the major firm and its supplier. Review of procurement, production, and distribution logistics also informs us that today fiercer competition and globalization [5] are giving way to lean production in which knowledge-generation, learning, mutual goal-accomplishment,[6] and many other activities and processes of interface management which has changed previous understanding into a whole new concept of it. Today, hence, supply chain is globally strategized, procured, produced, and distributed.[7] There are a number of integra l sets and subsets of critical understanding while attempts of understanding interface management are carried out. This thesis has undertaken a painstakingly in-depth review of all the critically relevant areas to interface management. Thus, it has been learnt that interface management is a very broad and dynamic concept where the supply chain activities, i.e. procurement, production/manufacturing, and distribution logistics are not linear anymore.[8] Moreover, it is also learned that interface management is not merely about the contact points where the supplier meets the parent firm and deliver the goods/services required.[9] In fact, research reveals that interface management is perhaps one of the most decisive factors for market-success today. The area of research within interface management informs that it is divided into three broad management areas, i.e. inter-organizational interface management[10],[11],[12]; informal interface management [13],[14]; and integrated interfac e management.[15],[16]. Whereas the former two have been identified as underlying managerial activities, the latter is what every firm is trying to achieve today. It is the integration of all the interfaces, hence, that becomes the focal point of extant literature. Useful insights in regards to better and effective interface management have thus been offered and analyzed in this thesis. First off, it has been discussed and analyzed that integrated interface management is a sum of a number of business processes, activities, and operations. The basic premise lies in the relationship of the parent organization and its supplier/subunits at the interface.[17] Available literature extends that today, this relationship has evolved a great deal and have moved from the primitive standardized relation (in which the two stakeholders were considered more in terms of shopkeeper and customer) up to the interactive one in which both put serious efforts to achieve the mutual business goal: end-u ser satisfaction.[18] Second, inter-organizational interface management is a combination of standardized practices as well as components like reciprocal coordination and collaboration [19], where the two stakeholders strive to achieve integration through supplier development and skills and knowledge sharing and transfer activities.[20] Likewise, interface management at this stage is also a matter of planning strategically all the areas from procurement through production to distribution logistics so that supplier development eventually becomes an integrated business practice that benefits both the parties.[21] The third important strand in this area is that of development of interfaces by combined efforts.[22] This entire process is thus cyclic and represents incessantly observed activities and processes from both sides. The model has been discussed that proposes these functions: awareness, exploration, expansion, commitment, and dissolution. Next comes the stage of managing inte rorganizational interface through exchange and communication of cross-functional beliefs by which the integration becomes well-aligned facilitating a market differentiation strategy for long-terms sustainable competitive advantage.[23] Last, effective problem solution is highly required to make interface management a successful and integral part of a dynamic supply chain management. The problem, challenges, and their solutions, however, is addressed at three points: in the supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization, the parent organization, and at the interface.[24] Major problems pointed out in literature are fear of losing cross-functional skills; loss of control over supplier; fear of supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bypassing the buyer; unstable power positions; strategic conflicts.[25] It is only through mutual efforts, trust, communication, and efforts that these problems and issues can be addressed for mutual benefits. Next area, informal interface management, was also analyze d for its importance and effectiveness. Informally present between the two organizations, this level is necessarily about reciprocal willingness by the parent organization and its supplier(s) to learn from knowledge sources that lie outside their organization. This capacity enables a firm to process knowledge from its surroundings and to make use of it for its long-term competitiveness (absorptive capacity). Most importantly, such knowledge is gained nowhere but at the many interfaces at which the firm communicates with other organizations.[26] In addition, informal interface management can be highly beneficial for both the stakeholders involved if it is geared up with the personal contact,[27] trust,[28] corroboration renting[29] (see above), seamless communication facilitated by internet-based technologies (among others)[30], and informative sharing and exchange,[31],[32]. Such a dynamic, integrated, and reciprocal interface management, eventually, leads firm to perform wonders in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business world of ever-increasing complexities and competition. Such an interface, thus, is directed toward the long-sought-for stage: integrated, unified, one-piece, and uninterrupted interface.[33] At this stage, however, buyer-supplier relationship has moved on a great deal as much as interface management has been developed globally;[34] Analysis of overall trends in interface and supply chain management show that the field as a whole is now well-informed.[35] With all the above synthesis of the critical analysis of interface and supply chain management, it is quite rational to also revisit the contribution of research as posited above in the first chapter. The current research effort aimed to review, synthesize, and analyze extant empirical literature to offer an effective framework or approach within interface management, procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics, the contribution was expected to inform the wider research communit y of any connections that can be made across the studies to be reviewed here. While making such connections, it was desired that the effort would point to certain directions that can help prospective students, practitioners, and researcher within the management discipline and other relevant disciplines to gain a more effective understanding of this area as a whole. It was also anticipated that the research would open new avenues of research within this area of inquiry. At this point, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s appropriate to state that the extensive review, examination, and critical analysis of interface management has lend insights into the whole area with which the current writer feels safe to propose a fresh model of successful interface management: Targeted Interface and Integrated Supply Chain Management Model. This model also answers the research question postulated in the first chapter, i.e. Given the available body of extant literature on interface management, within procureme nt logistics, production and distribution logistics, how can the internal customer-supplier relationship be more comprehensively interpreted and understood for an effective business approach? The figure below illustrates the model: Figure 9: Proposed Model of Targeted Interface and Integrated Supply Chain Management The model (proposed after the entire critical analysis) suggests that today most successful interfaces are integrated with the overall supply chain where the two work dynamically with visibly blurring boundaries. The lifeblood of both integrated supply chain and seamless interfaces (while permeating each other constantly) is in the 8 critical success factors. Four are within the formal interface management: (i) coordination, (ii) planning, (iii) development, and (iv) management; and the other four fall within the sphere of informal interface management: (i) trust, (ii) communication, (iii) information exchange, and (iv) technological assistance. Where the re d color shows a lack of security and instability at different interfaces an organization is involved, these 8 critical success factors, when carried out effectively, can change this uncertainly into an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strength and internal growth and development: green color. As the customer/end-user has been extensively established as the center of all the business activities, it has been placed in the center, i.e., all of these activates are primarily targeted to the end-user. It is this fresh focus and understanding of integrated interface and supply chain management that is necessary in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business environment. With this analysis, the current thesis meets all of its aims, objectives, and addressed the primary research question as well as proposes a fresh perspective on interface management with reference to procurement, production/manufacturing, and distribution logistics. Since every day new challenges are posed to the businesses of t he world, this approach is inevitable. Older approaches, stances, and positions must be abandoned to work out new and fresh ways in which interfaces management takes a whole new meaning (as proposed by the Targeted Interface Model above). It must be kept in view the supply chain is no more a linear process; nor is it something in which heavy inventory and distribution could prove successful. Moreover, interfaces are multiplying by the day and have more and more blurred boundaries. Thus, todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s supply chain management is all about integration, liquidation, and fluidity of strategies, processes, communication, and other business activities. At the end, it would be equally rational to state that interface management faces quite a few challenges. The most serious challenges lie in the areas of the effect of interface management on the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and the supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s development.[36] Research does not inform us how different interfaces im pact on the success of the two stakeholders involved. There are other areas as well, but focusing on this area may be immediately useful. Overall, it is expected that in the near future with the help of further research, more advances with information and communication technologies, better policy frameworks globally, and with more effective business mechanisms, interface management would move further on. This thesis has made its due contribution. 1 | Page [1] cf. Braschel and Posch (2013), p. 36. [2] cf. Braschel and Posch (2013), p. 36. [3] cf. Handfield (2006) p. 58. [4] cf. Fabbe-Costes and Colin (2007), p. 33. [5] cf. Taylor and Brunt (2002), pp. 21-29. [6] cf. Schmickl and Kieser (2008). [7] cf. Taylor and Brunt (2002), pp. 21-29. [8] cf. Parasuraman, Berry, and Zeithaml (1991). [9] cf. McIvor, Humphreys, and Huang (2000). [10] cf. Dowlatshahi (2000). [11] cf. Nellore, (2012), pp. 21-19. [12] cf. Gadde, HÃÆ' ¥kansson, and Persson (2010), pp. 140-155. [13] cf. Cohen and Levinthal (1990). [14] cf. Dyer (1996). [15] cf. Frohlich M. T., Westbrook R (2001), p. 186. [16] cf. Zailani and Rajagopal (2005). [17] cf. Gadde, HÃÆ' ¥kansson, and Persson (2010), pp. 140-155. [18] cf. Kerber and Dreckshage, (2011), pp. 195-206. [19] cf. Monczka, et al., (2008), pp. 121-137. [20] cf. Sanchez and Mahoney (2002), p. 129. [21] cf. MarÃÆ' ­k et al. (2002). [22] cf. Burtonsha w-Gunn, S. (2009), pp. 211-222. [23] cf. Rogers (2009), p 187. [24] cf. MarÃÆ' ­k et al. (2002). [25] cf. Quinn (1992), pp. 71-95. [26] cf. Cohen and Levinthal (1990). [27] cf. Kieser (2001). [28] cf. Uzzi, B. (1997) 35-67. [29] cf. Dyer and Singh (1998), p. 668. [30] cf. Harrison, Lee, and Neale, (2005), pp. 115-122. [31] cf. Furlan, et al. (2010). [32] cf. Wagner and Bode (2014), p. 68. [33] cf. Frohlich M. T., Westbrook R (2001), p. 186. [34] cf. Cooper et al. (1997). [35] cf. Bowersox et al. (2000), pp. 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15, c. [36] cf. Revilla and Choi (2011).

Interface Management Customer-Supplier Relationship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2147 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Interface Management: Customer-Supplier Relationship This section is aimed at achieving quite a few goals and concluding the chapter with a thorough analysis and synthesis. First of all, the writer would revisit the research aims and objectives and the research question posed at the beginning of the thesis. By addressing these important pillars of the thesis, the entire effort would be organized into a well-thought-of effort of writing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Interface Management: Customer-Supplier Relationship" essay for you Create order Such a route to conclusion would also ensure that the entire process was systematic and would help the current writer propose a robust framework of interface management and supply chain in specific relation to procurement, production, and distribution logistics. To begin, the thesis posed a research motivation by stating above that since research on interface management is going on and is informative, latest research is multidimensional and multifaceted. This makes the understanding of the current frameworks and concepts considerably cumbersome not only for a student of management such as this writer but also for the practitioners working within the very same area. Thus, the primary rationale and motivation for this thesis was to investigate the current outlook of the extant research as applied to interface management with specific reference to procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics so that a more robust framework can be offered. Such a framework/design would be informed by research in multidisciplinary areas but with the same field: Interface management. Similarly, the objective of the thesis was to review current empirical literature on interface management with particular reference to procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics, and analyze the entire empirical body of research in a way that can suitably offer an effective approach, model, or framework which can be original contribution in this very area. The motivation and objectives have been addressed throughout the thesis, particularly in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 where the review of extant literature was extensive, in-depth, and critical. The review undertook critical analysis of a number of areas from global trends in supply chain management [1] to blurring of the processes of product and service manufacturing.[2] The thesis has also extensive drawn from the research on a number of areas that cover procurement to distribution logistics in connection to interfa ce management. In particular, the review of procurement logistics, production/manufacturing logistics, and distribution logistics reveals that these processes, to this day, are not (i) linear and (ii) aimed at facilitating the parent company. [3] In fact, all these processes are aimed at facilitating the end-consumer (considered as a yardstick of business success [4]) who should become the center of all the efforts put in the whole supply chain that includes the major firm and its supplier. Review of procurement, production, and distribution logistics also informs us that today fiercer competition and globalization [5] are giving way to lean production in which knowledge-generation, learning, mutual goal-accomplishment,[6] and many other activities and processes of interface management which has changed previous understanding into a whole new concept of it. Today, hence, supply chain is globally strategized, procured, produced, and distributed.[7] There are a number of integra l sets and subsets of critical understanding while attempts of understanding interface management are carried out. This thesis has undertaken a painstakingly in-depth review of all the critically relevant areas to interface management. Thus, it has been learnt that interface management is a very broad and dynamic concept where the supply chain activities, i.e. procurement, production/manufacturing, and distribution logistics are not linear anymore.[8] Moreover, it is also learned that interface management is not merely about the contact points where the supplier meets the parent firm and deliver the goods/services required.[9] In fact, research reveals that interface management is perhaps one of the most decisive factors for market-success today. The area of research within interface management informs that it is divided into three broad management areas, i.e. inter-organizational interface management[10],[11],[12]; informal interface management [13],[14]; and integrated interfac e management.[15],[16]. Whereas the former two have been identified as underlying managerial activities, the latter is what every firm is trying to achieve today. It is the integration of all the interfaces, hence, that becomes the focal point of extant literature. Useful insights in regards to better and effective interface management have thus been offered and analyzed in this thesis. First off, it has been discussed and analyzed that integrated interface management is a sum of a number of business processes, activities, and operations. The basic premise lies in the relationship of the parent organization and its supplier/subunits at the interface.[17] Available literature extends that today, this relationship has evolved a great deal and have moved from the primitive standardized relation (in which the two stakeholders were considered more in terms of shopkeeper and customer) up to the interactive one in which both put serious efforts to achieve the mutual business goal: end-u ser satisfaction.[18] Second, inter-organizational interface management is a combination of standardized practices as well as components like reciprocal coordination and collaboration [19], where the two stakeholders strive to achieve integration through supplier development and skills and knowledge sharing and transfer activities.[20] Likewise, interface management at this stage is also a matter of planning strategically all the areas from procurement through production to distribution logistics so that supplier development eventually becomes an integrated business practice that benefits both the parties.[21] The third important strand in this area is that of development of interfaces by combined efforts.[22] This entire process is thus cyclic and represents incessantly observed activities and processes from both sides. The model has been discussed that proposes these functions: awareness, exploration, expansion, commitment, and dissolution. Next comes the stage of managing inte rorganizational interface through exchange and communication of cross-functional beliefs by which the integration becomes well-aligned facilitating a market differentiation strategy for long-terms sustainable competitive advantage.[23] Last, effective problem solution is highly required to make interface management a successful and integral part of a dynamic supply chain management. The problem, challenges, and their solutions, however, is addressed at three points: in the supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization, the parent organization, and at the interface.[24] Major problems pointed out in literature are fear of losing cross-functional skills; loss of control over supplier; fear of supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bypassing the buyer; unstable power positions; strategic conflicts.[25] It is only through mutual efforts, trust, communication, and efforts that these problems and issues can be addressed for mutual benefits. Next area, informal interface management, was also analyze d for its importance and effectiveness. Informally present between the two organizations, this level is necessarily about reciprocal willingness by the parent organization and its supplier(s) to learn from knowledge sources that lie outside their organization. This capacity enables a firm to process knowledge from its surroundings and to make use of it for its long-term competitiveness (absorptive capacity). Most importantly, such knowledge is gained nowhere but at the many interfaces at which the firm communicates with other organizations.[26] In addition, informal interface management can be highly beneficial for both the stakeholders involved if it is geared up with the personal contact,[27] trust,[28] corroboration renting[29] (see above), seamless communication facilitated by internet-based technologies (among others)[30], and informative sharing and exchange,[31],[32]. Such a dynamic, integrated, and reciprocal interface management, eventually, leads firm to perform wonders in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business world of ever-increasing complexities and competition. Such an interface, thus, is directed toward the long-sought-for stage: integrated, unified, one-piece, and uninterrupted interface.[33] At this stage, however, buyer-supplier relationship has moved on a great deal as much as interface management has been developed globally;[34] Analysis of overall trends in interface and supply chain management show that the field as a whole is now well-informed.[35] With all the above synthesis of the critical analysis of interface and supply chain management, it is quite rational to also revisit the contribution of research as posited above in the first chapter. The current research effort aimed to review, synthesize, and analyze extant empirical literature to offer an effective framework or approach within interface management, procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics, the contribution was expected to inform the wider research communit y of any connections that can be made across the studies to be reviewed here. While making such connections, it was desired that the effort would point to certain directions that can help prospective students, practitioners, and researcher within the management discipline and other relevant disciplines to gain a more effective understanding of this area as a whole. It was also anticipated that the research would open new avenues of research within this area of inquiry. At this point, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s appropriate to state that the extensive review, examination, and critical analysis of interface management has lend insights into the whole area with which the current writer feels safe to propose a fresh model of successful interface management: Targeted Interface and Integrated Supply Chain Management Model. This model also answers the research question postulated in the first chapter, i.e. Given the available body of extant literature on interface management, within procureme nt logistics, production and distribution logistics, how can the internal customer-supplier relationship be more comprehensively interpreted and understood for an effective business approach? The figure below illustrates the model: Figure 9: Proposed Model of Targeted Interface and Integrated Supply Chain Management The model (proposed after the entire critical analysis) suggests that today most successful interfaces are integrated with the overall supply chain where the two work dynamically with visibly blurring boundaries. The lifeblood of both integrated supply chain and seamless interfaces (while permeating each other constantly) is in the 8 critical success factors. Four are within the formal interface management: (i) coordination, (ii) planning, (iii) development, and (iv) management; and the other four fall within the sphere of informal interface management: (i) trust, (ii) communication, (iii) information exchange, and (iv) technological assistance. Where the re d color shows a lack of security and instability at different interfaces an organization is involved, these 8 critical success factors, when carried out effectively, can change this uncertainly into an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strength and internal growth and development: green color. As the customer/end-user has been extensively established as the center of all the business activities, it has been placed in the center, i.e., all of these activates are primarily targeted to the end-user. It is this fresh focus and understanding of integrated interface and supply chain management that is necessary in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business environment. With this analysis, the current thesis meets all of its aims, objectives, and addressed the primary research question as well as proposes a fresh perspective on interface management with reference to procurement, production/manufacturing, and distribution logistics. Since every day new challenges are posed to the businesses of t he world, this approach is inevitable. Older approaches, stances, and positions must be abandoned to work out new and fresh ways in which interfaces management takes a whole new meaning (as proposed by the Targeted Interface Model above). It must be kept in view the supply chain is no more a linear process; nor is it something in which heavy inventory and distribution could prove successful. Moreover, interfaces are multiplying by the day and have more and more blurred boundaries. Thus, todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s supply chain management is all about integration, liquidation, and fluidity of strategies, processes, communication, and other business activities. At the end, it would be equally rational to state that interface management faces quite a few challenges. The most serious challenges lie in the areas of the effect of interface management on the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and the supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s development.[36] Research does not inform us how different interfaces im pact on the success of the two stakeholders involved. There are other areas as well, but focusing on this area may be immediately useful. Overall, it is expected that in the near future with the help of further research, more advances with information and communication technologies, better policy frameworks globally, and with more effective business mechanisms, interface management would move further on. This thesis has made its due contribution. 1 | Page [1] cf. Braschel and Posch (2013), p. 36. [2] cf. Braschel and Posch (2013), p. 36. [3] cf. Handfield (2006) p. 58. [4] cf. Fabbe-Costes and Colin (2007), p. 33. [5] cf. Taylor and Brunt (2002), pp. 21-29. [6] cf. Schmickl and Kieser (2008). [7] cf. Taylor and Brunt (2002), pp. 21-29. [8] cf. Parasuraman, Berry, and Zeithaml (1991). [9] cf. McIvor, Humphreys, and Huang (2000). [10] cf. Dowlatshahi (2000). [11] cf. Nellore, (2012), pp. 21-19. [12] cf. Gadde, HÃÆ' ¥kansson, and Persson (2010), pp. 140-155. [13] cf. Cohen and Levinthal (1990). [14] cf. Dyer (1996). [15] cf. Frohlich M. T., Westbrook R (2001), p. 186. [16] cf. Zailani and Rajagopal (2005). [17] cf. Gadde, HÃÆ' ¥kansson, and Persson (2010), pp. 140-155. [18] cf. Kerber and Dreckshage, (2011), pp. 195-206. [19] cf. Monczka, et al., (2008), pp. 121-137. [20] cf. Sanchez and Mahoney (2002), p. 129. [21] cf. MarÃÆ' ­k et al. (2002). [22] cf. Burtonsha w-Gunn, S. (2009), pp. 211-222. [23] cf. Rogers (2009), p 187. [24] cf. MarÃÆ' ­k et al. (2002). [25] cf. Quinn (1992), pp. 71-95. [26] cf. Cohen and Levinthal (1990). [27] cf. Kieser (2001). [28] cf. Uzzi, B. (1997) 35-67. [29] cf. Dyer and Singh (1998), p. 668. [30] cf. Harrison, Lee, and Neale, (2005), pp. 115-122. [31] cf. Furlan, et al. (2010). [32] cf. Wagner and Bode (2014), p. 68. [33] cf. Frohlich M. T., Westbrook R (2001), p. 186. [34] cf. Cooper et al. (1997). [35] cf. Bowersox et al. (2000), pp. 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15, c. [36] cf. Revilla and Choi (2011).

Interface Management Customer-Supplier Relationship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2147 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Interface Management: Customer-Supplier Relationship This section is aimed at achieving quite a few goals and concluding the chapter with a thorough analysis and synthesis. First of all, the writer would revisit the research aims and objectives and the research question posed at the beginning of the thesis. By addressing these important pillars of the thesis, the entire effort would be organized into a well-thought-of effort of writing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Interface Management: Customer-Supplier Relationship" essay for you Create order Such a route to conclusion would also ensure that the entire process was systematic and would help the current writer propose a robust framework of interface management and supply chain in specific relation to procurement, production, and distribution logistics. To begin, the thesis posed a research motivation by stating above that since research on interface management is going on and is informative, latest research is multidimensional and multifaceted. This makes the understanding of the current frameworks and concepts considerably cumbersome not only for a student of management such as this writer but also for the practitioners working within the very same area. Thus, the primary rationale and motivation for this thesis was to investigate the current outlook of the extant research as applied to interface management with specific reference to procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics so that a more robust framework can be offered. Such a framework/design would be informed by research in multidisciplinary areas but with the same field: Interface management. Similarly, the objective of the thesis was to review current empirical literature on interface management with particular reference to procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics, and analyze the entire empirical body of research in a way that can suitably offer an effective approach, model, or framework which can be original contribution in this very area. The motivation and objectives have been addressed throughout the thesis, particularly in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 where the review of extant literature was extensive, in-depth, and critical. The review undertook critical analysis of a number of areas from global trends in supply chain management [1] to blurring of the processes of product and service manufacturing.[2] The thesis has also extensive drawn from the research on a number of areas that cover procurement to distribution logistics in connection to interfa ce management. In particular, the review of procurement logistics, production/manufacturing logistics, and distribution logistics reveals that these processes, to this day, are not (i) linear and (ii) aimed at facilitating the parent company. [3] In fact, all these processes are aimed at facilitating the end-consumer (considered as a yardstick of business success [4]) who should become the center of all the efforts put in the whole supply chain that includes the major firm and its supplier. Review of procurement, production, and distribution logistics also informs us that today fiercer competition and globalization [5] are giving way to lean production in which knowledge-generation, learning, mutual goal-accomplishment,[6] and many other activities and processes of interface management which has changed previous understanding into a whole new concept of it. Today, hence, supply chain is globally strategized, procured, produced, and distributed.[7] There are a number of integra l sets and subsets of critical understanding while attempts of understanding interface management are carried out. This thesis has undertaken a painstakingly in-depth review of all the critically relevant areas to interface management. Thus, it has been learnt that interface management is a very broad and dynamic concept where the supply chain activities, i.e. procurement, production/manufacturing, and distribution logistics are not linear anymore.[8] Moreover, it is also learned that interface management is not merely about the contact points where the supplier meets the parent firm and deliver the goods/services required.[9] In fact, research reveals that interface management is perhaps one of the most decisive factors for market-success today. The area of research within interface management informs that it is divided into three broad management areas, i.e. inter-organizational interface management[10],[11],[12]; informal interface management [13],[14]; and integrated interfac e management.[15],[16]. Whereas the former two have been identified as underlying managerial activities, the latter is what every firm is trying to achieve today. It is the integration of all the interfaces, hence, that becomes the focal point of extant literature. Useful insights in regards to better and effective interface management have thus been offered and analyzed in this thesis. First off, it has been discussed and analyzed that integrated interface management is a sum of a number of business processes, activities, and operations. The basic premise lies in the relationship of the parent organization and its supplier/subunits at the interface.[17] Available literature extends that today, this relationship has evolved a great deal and have moved from the primitive standardized relation (in which the two stakeholders were considered more in terms of shopkeeper and customer) up to the interactive one in which both put serious efforts to achieve the mutual business goal: end-u ser satisfaction.[18] Second, inter-organizational interface management is a combination of standardized practices as well as components like reciprocal coordination and collaboration [19], where the two stakeholders strive to achieve integration through supplier development and skills and knowledge sharing and transfer activities.[20] Likewise, interface management at this stage is also a matter of planning strategically all the areas from procurement through production to distribution logistics so that supplier development eventually becomes an integrated business practice that benefits both the parties.[21] The third important strand in this area is that of development of interfaces by combined efforts.[22] This entire process is thus cyclic and represents incessantly observed activities and processes from both sides. The model has been discussed that proposes these functions: awareness, exploration, expansion, commitment, and dissolution. Next comes the stage of managing inte rorganizational interface through exchange and communication of cross-functional beliefs by which the integration becomes well-aligned facilitating a market differentiation strategy for long-terms sustainable competitive advantage.[23] Last, effective problem solution is highly required to make interface management a successful and integral part of a dynamic supply chain management. The problem, challenges, and their solutions, however, is addressed at three points: in the supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization, the parent organization, and at the interface.[24] Major problems pointed out in literature are fear of losing cross-functional skills; loss of control over supplier; fear of supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bypassing the buyer; unstable power positions; strategic conflicts.[25] It is only through mutual efforts, trust, communication, and efforts that these problems and issues can be addressed for mutual benefits. Next area, informal interface management, was also analyze d for its importance and effectiveness. Informally present between the two organizations, this level is necessarily about reciprocal willingness by the parent organization and its supplier(s) to learn from knowledge sources that lie outside their organization. This capacity enables a firm to process knowledge from its surroundings and to make use of it for its long-term competitiveness (absorptive capacity). Most importantly, such knowledge is gained nowhere but at the many interfaces at which the firm communicates with other organizations.[26] In addition, informal interface management can be highly beneficial for both the stakeholders involved if it is geared up with the personal contact,[27] trust,[28] corroboration renting[29] (see above), seamless communication facilitated by internet-based technologies (among others)[30], and informative sharing and exchange,[31],[32]. Such a dynamic, integrated, and reciprocal interface management, eventually, leads firm to perform wonders in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business world of ever-increasing complexities and competition. Such an interface, thus, is directed toward the long-sought-for stage: integrated, unified, one-piece, and uninterrupted interface.[33] At this stage, however, buyer-supplier relationship has moved on a great deal as much as interface management has been developed globally;[34] Analysis of overall trends in interface and supply chain management show that the field as a whole is now well-informed.[35] With all the above synthesis of the critical analysis of interface and supply chain management, it is quite rational to also revisit the contribution of research as posited above in the first chapter. The current research effort aimed to review, synthesize, and analyze extant empirical literature to offer an effective framework or approach within interface management, procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics, the contribution was expected to inform the wider research communit y of any connections that can be made across the studies to be reviewed here. While making such connections, it was desired that the effort would point to certain directions that can help prospective students, practitioners, and researcher within the management discipline and other relevant disciplines to gain a more effective understanding of this area as a whole. It was also anticipated that the research would open new avenues of research within this area of inquiry. At this point, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s appropriate to state that the extensive review, examination, and critical analysis of interface management has lend insights into the whole area with which the current writer feels safe to propose a fresh model of successful interface management: Targeted Interface and Integrated Supply Chain Management Model. This model also answers the research question postulated in the first chapter, i.e. Given the available body of extant literature on interface management, within procureme nt logistics, production and distribution logistics, how can the internal customer-supplier relationship be more comprehensively interpreted and understood for an effective business approach? The figure below illustrates the model: Figure 9: Proposed Model of Targeted Interface and Integrated Supply Chain Management The model (proposed after the entire critical analysis) suggests that today most successful interfaces are integrated with the overall supply chain where the two work dynamically with visibly blurring boundaries. The lifeblood of both integrated supply chain and seamless interfaces (while permeating each other constantly) is in the 8 critical success factors. Four are within the formal interface management: (i) coordination, (ii) planning, (iii) development, and (iv) management; and the other four fall within the sphere of informal interface management: (i) trust, (ii) communication, (iii) information exchange, and (iv) technological assistance. Where the re d color shows a lack of security and instability at different interfaces an organization is involved, these 8 critical success factors, when carried out effectively, can change this uncertainly into an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strength and internal growth and development: green color. As the customer/end-user has been extensively established as the center of all the business activities, it has been placed in the center, i.e., all of these activates are primarily targeted to the end-user. It is this fresh focus and understanding of integrated interface and supply chain management that is necessary in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business environment. With this analysis, the current thesis meets all of its aims, objectives, and addressed the primary research question as well as proposes a fresh perspective on interface management with reference to procurement, production/manufacturing, and distribution logistics. Since every day new challenges are posed to the businesses of t he world, this approach is inevitable. Older approaches, stances, and positions must be abandoned to work out new and fresh ways in which interfaces management takes a whole new meaning (as proposed by the Targeted Interface Model above). It must be kept in view the supply chain is no more a linear process; nor is it something in which heavy inventory and distribution could prove successful. Moreover, interfaces are multiplying by the day and have more and more blurred boundaries. Thus, todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s supply chain management is all about integration, liquidation, and fluidity of strategies, processes, communication, and other business activities. At the end, it would be equally rational to state that interface management faces quite a few challenges. The most serious challenges lie in the areas of the effect of interface management on the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and the supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s development.[36] Research does not inform us how different interfaces im pact on the success of the two stakeholders involved. There are other areas as well, but focusing on this area may be immediately useful. Overall, it is expected that in the near future with the help of further research, more advances with information and communication technologies, better policy frameworks globally, and with more effective business mechanisms, interface management would move further on. This thesis has made its due contribution. 1 | Page [1] cf. Braschel and Posch (2013), p. 36. [2] cf. Braschel and Posch (2013), p. 36. [3] cf. Handfield (2006) p. 58. [4] cf. Fabbe-Costes and Colin (2007), p. 33. [5] cf. Taylor and Brunt (2002), pp. 21-29. [6] cf. Schmickl and Kieser (2008). [7] cf. Taylor and Brunt (2002), pp. 21-29. [8] cf. Parasuraman, Berry, and Zeithaml (1991). [9] cf. McIvor, Humphreys, and Huang (2000). [10] cf. Dowlatshahi (2000). [11] cf. Nellore, (2012), pp. 21-19. [12] cf. Gadde, HÃÆ' ¥kansson, and Persson (2010), pp. 140-155. [13] cf. Cohen and Levinthal (1990). [14] cf. Dyer (1996). [15] cf. Frohlich M. T., Westbrook R (2001), p. 186. [16] cf. Zailani and Rajagopal (2005). [17] cf. Gadde, HÃÆ' ¥kansson, and Persson (2010), pp. 140-155. [18] cf. Kerber and Dreckshage, (2011), pp. 195-206. [19] cf. Monczka, et al., (2008), pp. 121-137. [20] cf. Sanchez and Mahoney (2002), p. 129. [21] cf. MarÃÆ' ­k et al. (2002). [22] cf. Burtonsha w-Gunn, S. (2009), pp. 211-222. [23] cf. Rogers (2009), p 187. [24] cf. MarÃÆ' ­k et al. (2002). [25] cf. Quinn (1992), pp. 71-95. [26] cf. Cohen and Levinthal (1990). [27] cf. Kieser (2001). [28] cf. Uzzi, B. (1997) 35-67. [29] cf. Dyer and Singh (1998), p. 668. [30] cf. Harrison, Lee, and Neale, (2005), pp. 115-122. [31] cf. Furlan, et al. (2010). [32] cf. Wagner and Bode (2014), p. 68. [33] cf. Frohlich M. T., Westbrook R (2001), p. 186. [34] cf. Cooper et al. (1997). [35] cf. Bowersox et al. (2000), pp. 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15, c. [36] cf. Revilla and Choi (2011).

Medea and Penelope - Strong Women in a Mans World Essay

Euripides and Homer are said to be two of the four cornerstones of ancient literary education. The former, Euripides, known as one of the great tragedians of classical Athens produced approximately ninety-two plays, but was rejected by most of his contemporaries during his lifetime. Euripides was the ï ¬ rst of his time to portray a woman as a sympathetic character and a victim of society. Homer is known as the greatest ancient Greek epic poet. His most famous works being the Iliad and the Odyssey. Both of these ancient authors used strong women in their works. In Euripides Medea, the main character of the same name is a force to be reckoned with. The play starts out just after the divorce of Jason and Medea. Jason has left Medea for†¦show more content†¦In so far as you helped me, you did well enough. But on this question of saving me, I can prove you have certainly got more from me mor than you gave. [517-523, pg. 627] Jason does not feel as if he owes anything at all to Medea, thus bringing her eventual breakdown and irrational behavior to the hilt. Although Medea may have been wronged by Jason, this still does not excuse her ultimate act of revenge towards Jason. She is so set on getting back at him that she commits the most heinous of acts. She murders her two children. Jasons acts may have pushed her over the edge of sanity, but one can argue that even an insane person would take their own life over the lives of their own children. This brings the insanity to a whole new level. Medea is a strong and determined woman. She is determined to exact her revenge on Jason by any means possible. Euripides voiced the fear of her cunning mind through Kreon when he said I am afraid of you [...] Afraid that you may injure my daughter mortally. [...] You are a clever woman, versed in evil arts, and are angry at having lost your husbands love. (280-284, pg 622) The fact that a male character would say something of this caliber says something about the roles of women during this time. Even though they are still seen as second class citizens to the men, a smart woman is feared. Ultimately Medeas strength is tested and she becomes crazed with jealousy and acts ofShow MoreRelatedTreatment of Women in Ancient Literature Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesWomen are constantly portrayed as tempting men by using their sexual charms. And so women who remained chaste were held in a higher esteem than those who highlighted their sexuality. Walcot writes, â€Å"The Greeks believed women to be incapable of not exercising their sexual charms and that the results were catastrophic, irrespective of whether or not women set out to cause trouble deliberately or acted in a blissful ignorance of what they were doing† (39). In Homeric tales we see the character Odysseus

Interperson Communication Skills Free Essays

string(169) " that the child can get almost anything they want without them striving to have earned it and this generally leads to the child believing this eminence is a birthright\." It was only around the sass’s that it became consider as an actual practice (Benjamin, 2006). This assignment will deal with some of the most influential of these psychological practices which have developed and evolved since the inception psychology all those years ago. This will be achieved in the way of Deadlier, Gestalt and Person-centered therapies as examples. We will write a custom essay sample on Interperson Communication Skills or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will involve focused commentary on their historical background and key concepts with mention given to the therapeutic goals of each of the respective theories. â€Å"Psychology has a long past, but only a short history. (Boring, 1929, p. 9) Deadlier Psychology Deadlier psychology is the psychological method founded by Alfred Adler which was formulated around the idea of â€Å"individual psychology’. Individual Psychology is a humanistic approach and is a modification of Freud ‘s psychoanalysis which encapsulates a body of ideas and approaches more focused on our actual motivations, as an indivisible whole, in our behavior towards a life goal. These goals come in divisions of short term and long term with all the stops in-between being goals that indeed affected our behavior today in our everyday lives. It was Adler ‘s insistence that people were motivated by social influences (as nothing materializes in isolation) and that one was, to a large extent, responsible for who they are and couldn’t blame others for the predicaments and short comings they may be experiencing in their current existence (Adler, 1964). Deadlier psychology believes that a person forms a methodology to life within the first 6 years of living and the therapy places great focus on feelings of inferiority. However these feelings of inferiority are not viewed as symbols of deficiency or fragility, but rather a driving source of creativity (Corey, 2009). Deadlier Psychology calls these feelings of inferiority â€Å"the inferiority complex† (which is defined as an intense feeling of inadequacy often culminating in shyness or general evasive behavior) and the therapy is often associated with â€Å"the superiority complex† (defined as the overblown or distorted feeling of superiority to others), albeit Deadlier psychology renders the latter as more of a defense mechanism for those who truly do feel inferior to others (Adler, 1998). In therapy, Deadlines endeavourer to look at the life of the individual from his subjective reality as they believe how the client perceives life is ended more important that what reality demonstrates. This is called the phenomenological perspective and will incorporate various aspects of the clients thought process including his viewpoint, sentiments, beliefs and values. This is of utmost importance as in order to understand the whole person, deadlier psychology states that we cannot be understood in pieces but rather all components of ourselves must be comprehended as a unified whole. This is known as the holistic concept (Corey, 2009). It is here where effective empathy is especially important in this hereby, which is in contradiction of Freudian theory that the client must be a blank slate. It would be this empathy and the fact that Freudian therapy encouraged the analyst to be silent during free association, whilst Deadlier psychologists are encouraged to make inquiries and have discussions about the client that would be considered 2 of the major differences in the respective theories (Burrow, 1917). At the beginning of this section on Deadlier psychology I made referenced to the importance of social influences. These influences are articulated as social interest ND are defined as the theory that endeavourers to characterize the relationship between an individual and the people he deals with in his community. It is a trait that is inherent in all human beings which can be trained and developed. Deadlines testify that the more refined and developed ones social interest is, the more it will lessen any feelings of inferiority (Adler, 1998). In therapy, the Deadlier psychologist will attempt an assessment of the clients â€Å"family constellation† which encapsulates the circumstances an individual is born into, including gender and birthing order (Adler, 1964). Particular attention is given to the relationship between siblings in the birthing order and continues through the individuals early recollections. These recollections are very important as they create formative happenings that emphatically develop ones personality. It is hoped that by the end of this process the client will be able to recognize or discern where they went wrong, which could range from conceptual errors and adverse processes (Adler, 1998). Deadlier psychology goes further to say that even though children may be raised in to their location in the birth order. Generally the oldest child enjoys more attention ND whilst no other siblings have been born, has a tendency to be spoiled more. This all changes, however, at the arrival of a new sibling and will generally find them self evicted from the favored position. The second child from the time of birth shares the attention with the first born, but competitiveness develops which can have an influence their development later in life. This second born is generally quite the opposite of the elder sibling. The middle child often feels excluded. A burden is laid on this child as they often become the middle man, the keeper of the peace who tries their best to keep situations together. The youngest child will always be viewed as the baby and results in the individual being pampered and has a tendency to get things their way. The only child seems to be a mixture of sorts. They share some similarities of the oldest child in this model, but tend not to discover how to share or collaborate with others their age. The only child is also often pampered like the aforementioned youngest child and may want to be the centre of attention at all times (Corey, 2009). In the preceding text I made references to the pampering of a child. Deadlines believe that pampering does play a direct role in a child’s placement as spoilt children are raised to expect their requests to be law. This is a result of the parenting figures allowing the child a feeling of eminence, a feeling that the child can get almost anything they want without them striving to have earned it and this generally leads to the child believing this eminence is a birthright. You read "Interperson Communication Skills" in category "Papers" For these children it has become commonplace for them to take and not to give. All this as a consequence could result in the child later in life losing their independence, and not knowing how to resolve issues for themselves (Adler, 1998). In my studies of Freud and Jung I was very intrigued in their dream analysis so was very interested to see how Deadlier psychology views this concept. Whereas Freud viewed dreams as a method of solving issues from the past, Deadlier psychology rather views dreams as a recital of conceivable future events and could reflect an individual’s current issues (Corey, 2009). Meanings are not determined by situations, but we determine ourselves by the meanings we give to situations. † (Adler, 1937, p. 14). Person-centered Therapy Person-centered therapy (also referred to as Organic Psychology) is the psychological method founded by the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers. It is centered on the idea that the individual has enormous potential for understanding themselves and therefore is best placed in the resolving of thei r own issues without any direct interjections from the therapist. Hence the therapy revolves around the individual as the promoter and architect of their own self change (Corey, 2009). So it would be pertinent to say that one ‘s self concept is of great emphasis in this therapy and thus is defined as the personal perceptions one believes about themselves (Rogers, 2003). The therapy furthermore states that all of us have the capacity for growth towards fulfillment of our life ‘s wishes and aspirations. That being said, it is of utmost importance that the therapist provides a comfortable threat free environment for the individual, as to lower their guard, to make it easier for them to defensiveness (Meaner Throne, 2007). If the aforementioned life aspirations, potentials and fulfillment are indeed reached this is referred to as self actualization and it is the conviction of this therapy that this tendency is the one essential motive driving all of us. If this tendency is promoted and helped along, the person will flourish and develop and start living what they term â€Å"the good life†. By â€Å"the good life† the therapy is referring to the idea that the individual will have reached an apex of a positive mental outlook, have reached a level of congruence and would begin to trust their feelings. Conversely if that tendency is constrained or blocked, the person will deteriorate and/or have greater difficulties (Rogers, 1951). The importance of this can never be underestimated and is of particular importance as Rogers confirms: â€Å"The organism has one basic tendency and striving – to actuality, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism† (Rogers, 1951, p. 487). The organism Rogers (and indeed the entire therapy in general) in that quote makes reference to is the individual person as a whole inclusive of one ‘s emotions, thoughts and welfare (Rogers, 2003). Person-centered therapy has similarities to Deadlier psychology in the way of Idler’s social interest concepts which reflects in Rogers core conditions of therapeutic change. The basis of this is in the emphasis Deadlier psychology invests in caring ND empathy being at the centre of therapy regarding social interest (Watts, 1998), but whereas Deadlier psychology tries to get to the crux of the issue through applied techniques, the Person-centered therapist is non-directive and allows the client to lead the conversation. The therapist will ask questions and forward scenarios relevant to what the client is discussing, without answering any directed questions, in an attempt to empower the client to indeed realize the issue at hand and the solution to it for themselves (Rogers, 2003). Initially there were 6 conditions that ere fundamental to Person-centered therapy that are necessary in order to achieve therapeutic change and stimulate growth in a client. The first of these is that two people must engage in psychological contact in order for therapy to commence. The second condition refers to the fact that the client is assumed to be in a state of incongruence (the discrepancy between the matching of your experiences and awareness which results in there being an imbalance between the alignment of your feelings and actions). The next condition is that the therapist himself must be fully self-aware and congruent with the client at all times. The fourth condition is that the therapist portrays unconditional positive regard (UPPER) towards the client. At number five is that the therapist must, above all else, display empathic understanding towards what the client reveals without getting emotionally involved. The final condition is that the expression to the client of the therapist’s empathy and positive regard must be achieved to a minimal degree (Rogers, 1957). Over the years, however, the aforementioned 6 conditions have developed, revised and hence reduced to 3 core conditions as over time the others were viewed as nonessential. The 3 conditions that remained and are practiced today are firstly â€Å"congruence†; defined in Person-centered therapy as the therapist having to be as genuine as he possible can towards the client, which is essential as it aids in the establishment of trust between the client and the therapist and thus is considered by many to be the most important part of counseling. The second core condition is â€Å"empathy’, which is the issue at hand from the client’s perspective (I. E. – what the client is feeling). The therapist needs to appear incredibly authentic and sensitive during sessions, but just always be careful not to confuse empathy with sympathy. Furthermore the therapist must pay attention to the client’s experiences as if they were their own, but not at the expense of becoming lost in those emotions. This is referred to as accurate emphatic understanding. The third core condition is â€Å"unconditional positive regard and acceptance† (UPPER). This encapsulates the concept that regardless what the client reveals during therapy, be it good or bad, it will be accepted unconditionally by the therapist with no Judgment passed whilst showing meaningful and genuine understanding for the client. This leads to the client being more at ease and more willing to share experiences without fear of being Judged (Corey, 2009). Person- centered therapy believes that these conditions, as well as the aforementioned self actualization, are all necessary in the achievement of becoming a â€Å"fully functioning person†. A â€Å"fully functional person† is the state of being reached when a person is fully congruent and comfortable with living life in the present (I. E. – not held back by past bad experiences and lives considerably more freely) and when the client has cached this state, it is then that the therapist will begin the â€Å"ending† discussion. The â€Å"ending† discussion refers to the therapist initiating the idea of terminating the sessions as sooner or later; the client needs to go it on their own (Meaner Throne, 2007). â€Å"It is the client who knows what hurts, what directions to go, what problems are crucial, what experiences have been deeply buried† (Rogers, 1961, p. 11). Gestalt Therapy Gestalt therapy is the existential, phenomenological and process based approach formulated by Frizz and Laura Peres which focuses on the human mind and behavior n its entirety in relation to the individual’s environment (I. E. The whole is more relevant than the quantity of its parts). Gestalt too initially stemmed from Freud ‘s psychoanalytic ideals, but took issue with Freud ‘s view of individual’s being mechanistic and insisted how one acts and reacts in the present is far more important than understanding ones past (Corey, 2009). This isn’t to say the past was completely overlooke d and undervalued, but its relevance was more focused on how events and situations affects one now in the present as all our adaptations to the resistances and events we experienced through our development manifests in our present (Peres, 1969). Clients who engage in Gestalt therapy are generally in a phase of existential dilemma and need to learn to be accountable for their own existence. Gestalt therapy believed that the solution to such issues was found in the client gaining awareness and once this was achieved, genuine adjustments and changes would happen naturally (Nelson-Jones, 2000). Gestalt therapists in the quest for the client to become aware will encourage the client to face the experience in question head on, rather than simply discuss it. For example instead of discussing the bullied abuse the client received at school, the client will be urged to try becoming that tormented child during sessions. This awareness was made up of the client being able to be self accepting and gaining a greater understanding of Person-centered therapy in the way they all prized empathy and accepted the notion of the client having the inherent capacity of being able to accomplish great freedoms and self-reliance. Gestalt does, however, differ from person-centered therapy fundamentally in the way person-centered therapy wishes to limit the therapist’s role o that of to a passive mediator of information and that the client already deep down has the solutions (Rogers, 2003), whereas the Gestalt therapist isn’t there to Just pay attention and listen but also engage in dialogue and moreover make the client aware of what presently is happening (Peres, 1969). Furthermore these Gestalt therapy sessions don’t follow particular guidelines so therapists are encouraged during to devise experiments and be creative to maximize the client’s awareness to the â€Å"what† and the â€Å"how’ they are doing things (Yonder, 1993). Gestalt therapy places significant stress on the concept of contact and believes it is necessary if growth is to take place during sessions with clients. Contact is defined as the audible, physical, visual, odorous and actual movement made between those involved in the therapy. Part of the importance of contact is also identifying the disruptions and defiance’s to contact that may occur during therapy (Nelson-Jones, 2000) . The most common of these resistances are: â€Å"Interjecting†, which refers to the acceptance of information without entirely considering whether it is something you potentially concur with and in most instances not even understanding its meaning. This form of resistance is loaded with ‘should haves’, ‘must haves’ and ‘l still need to do ‘s’ during therapy. â€Å"Projecting† refers to us renouncing facets of ourselves by assigning them to our given environment. Every time we attempt to interpret the world, we project and we tend to see in other people what indeed belongs to us. â€Å"Retroflection† is when we grant ourselves what we indeed want from the environment (I. E. – doing to ourselves what we would actually like to do to another). â€Å"Confluence† involves the fading or blurring of the boundaries that stand between others and us. â€Å"Deflecting† is when he individual dilutes life in the way of making serious issues not seem as serious as they indeed are. Humor and changing of the subject are good examples of deflecting. Desensitizing† is when we chose to block out issues or scenarios we don’t want to experience or identify. In Gestalt therapy, this is viewed as a fundamental resistance. â€Å"Egotism† gets a special mention under this section as whereas it isn’t directly viewed in gestalt therapy as a resistance as such, it is a familiar component in all the manifestations of our impairments and has been recognized to interfere with good contact (Latter, 1973). In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between the client and the therapist is a dynamic communication which is characterized by empathy, acknowledgement and responsibility. This communication has 4 main aspects including â€Å"inclusion† (being as present as possible without passing any judgment on what the client has to say), â€Å"presence† (the therapist finds ways to express them self during the session towards the client), â€Å"commitment to dialogue† (makes for an understanding and allowance for communication between therapist and client) and â€Å"dialogue is lived† (implying the communication doesn’t deed to be only verbal, but can in fact be any method that expresses energy between client and therapist) (Yonder, 1993). There are 6 main principles to Gestalt therapy and are characterized as follows: First is the principle of â€Å"field work†. This therapist gives special attention to how the client connects with his environment. Secondly is the principle of â€Å"holism† which quite simply put, includes everything about the client including thoughts, emotions, dreams and reactions as gestalt therapists assign no preferable value to a particular part of the client. â€Å"Unfinished equines† is the third principle and in gestalt therapy is construed as the unspoken or unexpressed feelings that seem to have attached themselves to specific memories from our past. These feelings can raise their ugly head in our lives and be demonstrated by means of resentment, anxiety, anger and guilt. These hide in the background of our being and find their way into the present in a number of self- defeating expressions and acts. The fourth principle is â€Å"the figure-formation process† which pays attention to how the client regulates and shapes their surroundings from nocturne to Juncture. It furthermore keeps a keen eye on how some element of the environment can appear from the client’s background and make itself a centerpiece of the client’s attention. Organism self-regulation† is the fifth principle and it makes reference to the innovative adjustment the client makes in relation to his surroundings. The final principle is called â€Å"the now’ and is focused on the client truly being in the present as attention given to events from the past, as well as the future, could be a mental diversion to keep the client from dea ling with issues in the present moment (Corey, 2009). â€Å"I am not in this world to live up to other people’s expectations, nor do I feel that the world must live up to mine. † (Peres, 1969, p. 21). Conclusion In the modern day there is a plethora of psychological methods and therapies, which begs the question: â€Å"Which one is the best and most practical to adopt? † I don’t imagine there is a clear and elementary answer to this question, but if I had to be as bold to commit to an answer, I’d imagine my answer would be: â€Å"Somewhere in- between. † My answer isn’t as cryptic and inconclusive as it may first appear as wrought all my research for this assignment, as well as previous endeavourers, I have recognized that all the respective methods have their pertinent, compelling and intriguing arguments or merits. They also do, however, seem to have their limitations to lesser or greater degree. So for myself it would make practical sense to use one approach as a basis for therapy, but include all the redeeming aspects of the others if need be. Regardless of one ‘s viewpoint on the approaches I have discussed in this assignment, I can ‘t help but feel the more tools we have at our disposal, the better How to cite Interperson Communication Skills, Papers

The One Thing Needful from the Hard Times by Charles Dickens Essay Example For Students

The One Thing Needful from the Hard Times by Charles Dickens Essay The One Thing Needful from the Hard Times by Charles Dickens Hard times, published in 1854, Dickens shortest novel was not popular in its day, though it has since received critical acclaim for its rousing satire against materialism. This is quote taken from Msn Encarta Encyclopedia. This extract is about a person who is considered to have authority and to be greatly respected telling other grown-ups how he wants children to be taught and how they should be taught, this shows what education in the 19th century might have been like. The main purpose of this text is to emphasise what should be taught and how it should be taught and the speaker thinks that by enforcing a teaching method, children will have better lives as it would be based on nothing but facts. This passage makes modern children compare and think about how lucky they are to be able to express how they feel and imagine things. The way the word Facts is written and repeated shows their importance in the speakers life, this also highlights how important the thought of teaching facts is, well at least to the speaker, this explains why it is written as a proper noun with the use of a capital letter, the speaker personifies Facts. Dickens deliberately uses repetition to represent the way in which children learn, by repetition. The speaker refers to children in several ways, but his main point is that children learn by things being repeated to them. This explains why he calls them reasoning animals, because animals learn by things being repeated to them and once they are used to it they would do it automatically. The speaker is trying to say that teaching them facts is like training them to be good, but unlike animals, human beings especially children have opinions and wild imaginations. Dickens uses a metaphor, which could have different meanings. Plant nothing else and root out everything else. The fact he uses gardening shows that children are just like a garden: they have a lot of things in their heads, but grown-ups have to plant the seeds which are the facts in the garden to be able to make them grow properly. The structure of the passage has a great impact on what the reader thinks about the speaker after having read the first paragraph and after having read the last paragraph. From the way in which the writer describes the speaker, the audience has a clear understanding that the writer does not like the speaker. He is not mentioned by any names or titles but as the speaker; this leaves the reader to guess his identity and distances himself from the speakers view. The description of the speaker matches his sentence structures in the quotes. They are short, snappy and straightforward. Dickens describes him as square to show that he is predictable and unchangeable. The speaker makes sure that his point gets across and to do so he uses a harsh, strict tone. Dickens uses hyperbole to describe the speaker by describing him using a great deal of exaggeration square wall of forehead line 10, his eyes found commodious cellarage in two dark caves, overshadowed by the wall. Line 12, a plantation of firsline 16, square coat, square legs, square shouldersline 19. This is shown by the repetition of the word square and makes the reader be perceived as the best. Victorian education was Dickens main focus in most of his novels. He uses different social classes to make the audience especially young people see that education should not be taken for granted and that if they think their teaching system is harsh, they should look at what it used to be like in Victorian times. The language used is not hard however everything is straightforward and easy to understand as well as imagine. Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare Act 1 scene 1. This scene is a strange opening for a play. Orsino says how much he loves Olivia, but he is told that she is still mourning her brothers death for seven years. .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 , .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 .postImageUrl , .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 , .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246:hover , .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246:visited , .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246:active { border:0!important; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246:active , .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246 .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ffc21aac12453d17dcf27ce3978d246:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Day In The Life Of Catherine Bana EssayOrsino loves her so much that he imagines her being in love with him and compares two different kinds of love: the love she has for her brother and the love that she might have for him one day. The purpose of this text is to engage the reader into the theme of the play and most of the times when something is about love, there is a show of great interest. Shakespeare used a great method by opening with play with rhymes that is guaranteed to catch the readers attention. This scene shows the impact love has on people. It makes it interesting that the play opens directly telling the reader what is happening. There is no background information, the only piece of information that the reader gets from this extract is that Orsino is the Duke of Illyria and is deeply in love; he sounds a little bit obsessed with the idea of love and this extract allows the reader to see what kind of personality Orsino has. He can be portrayed as someone highly emotional and someone who will fight to get what he wants. The language used in this text is quite hard to understand if you are a young person who is not used to hearing the traditional way of the English language. Some words are quite easy to understand, as they are quite similar to the words we use nowadays, or we can relate them somehow. Pestilenceline 20 means plague but this could be guessed with pestilence. This play uses imagery containing food. Orsino describes his love for Olivia as an appetite: If music be the food of love play on, Give me excess of it- that, surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die line 1-3, he wants to feed his love with music, he wants to feed it so much that he would be full and become sick of it and wont feel his love anymore. This is also used when Olivias grief is described. In this case water is used to describe Olivias mourning. Shakespeare uses different parts of the body to show the same emotion- love hart eyes liver brain lines 18 and 27. He constantly uses the sense of smell and taste, The sweet sound That breathes upon a bank of violets line 6, stealing and giving odour line 7, tis not sweet nowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Line 8 Sweet beds of flower line 40. This may induce some sexual thoughts into the readers mind. The language used makes the reader feel what the characters are feeling especially if they have felt like that about someone before. The fact that Orsino goes into great detail about his love for Olivia shows the reader that he is willing to do anything to win her heart. The use of abstract nouns, love and grief makes the reader feel pity for the characters. There is a simile That, notwithstanding thy capacity, Receiveth as the sea line 10-11 which suggests that love is like the sea, devouring everything. Nothing can satisfy it. Shakespeare also uses hyperbole to show the love that Orsino has for Olivia and the grief Olivia has for her brother. I dont think there is a historical context in Twelfth Night; it seems to be purely fictional. However this was set in the Elizabethan era. Since Shakespeare wrote Twelfth Night a lot has changed and mainly peoples sense of humour, even though this play was a comedy in Shakespearean times it may not be what we call a comedy now. During that time women had a poor role in society, there was this idea of the women not being allowed to do certain things such as, acting therefore, men had to play the role of women and unlike all his other comedies, twelfth night includes a conception of love and other themes which most of his other comedies do not have, this was one of his last three mature comedies. .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 , .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 .postImageUrl , .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 , .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4:hover , .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4:visited , .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4:active { border:0!important; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4:active , .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4 .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4df850591c01e8309a477c88324fdaa4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Two Kinds by Amy Tan EssayTwelfth Night is a celebration of romantic love that can be pictured as traditional romantic love. The play contains many elements of Elizabethan romantic comedy. The things that are in the play are meant to make the audience go through a series of moods. Because this play is a comedy most of the things that happen are meant to make the audience laugh. It does achieve this aim with nearly every character. However in the opening scene, the main emotions that Shakespeare wants the audience to feel are pity and grief. Samaritans This text is about ways to identify people who want to commit suicide and how to help them. The purpose of this text is to make the readers aware of things that are happening in their surroundings. This makes the reader think and may prevent many people from committing suicide and to advertise them of what to do. This text is written in interrogative form because this makes the reader wonder and understand the reasons why people would try to commit suicide. I would associate this extract with mostly teenagers, as they are the ones who undergo the situations listed however this can happen to anyone, but mostly teenager would want to commit suicide if they are dumped by their loved ones. The first paragraph is written as a question but due to the punctuation it could be classed as a declarative sentence. The first sentence after the first paragraph is a statement, which is followed by a question and then an answer, which doesnt directly answer the question. Unlike all the other extracts this extract is not fiction therefore it focuses on a more serious issue. The use of bullet points attracts the reader to indulge into the extract and might make some readers want to know more about suicide. This could also restrict those who are trying to commit suicide to what they will tell people. Even though this subject is quite delicate, there is no use of euphemisms or dysphemisms. Everything is straight to the point; nothing is exaggerated or left out. There a lot question which are facts that people need to consider in order to look out for themselves and others. The way the questions are posed will make the reader observe the people around them and try to help them if they see any of the suicidal signs. There are 1745 words in this document AUTHOR Fatim Toure Page PAGE 4 DATE 20/02/2006 Reading and comprehension of texts